Outlook 2025: Global Economy Will Underwhelm Amid Huge Uncertainty

Economic

Summary:

The global economy will underwhelm in 2025. Policy-makers may be satisfied with global growth rates around 3%. But they are failing to address fundamental challenges and the global economy is muddling along, a far cry from the 4% and higher average rates in past decades. US President-elect Donald Trump’s trade policies could deal a rude shock to the outlook. Meanwhile, the termites keep feasting away at the global economic foundations.

US growth may ease over the year, but many forecasters still see growth around 2.25%. The irrepressible consumer will help avert a downturn, putting paid again to the hard landing crowd. US economic non-policy remains a mess.

Euro area growth should ‘numerically’ pick up but remain weak, especially in Germany, which may witness a dead cat bounce. However, PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain) will fly.

Chinese policy-makers are shifting towards cautious monetary and fiscal stimulus, but won’t overcome the economy’s massive structural debt, housing, deflationary and confidence headwinds. In the spring, authorities will post a growth target perhaps of around 5% and they’ll hit it one way or another. India remains somewhat a bright spot.

Japan’s 2025 growth rate will bounce back, supported by wage gains and because 2024 gross domestic product was held down by a sharp first quarter contraction.

Latin American growth remains hampered by longstanding productivity and corruption problems, with Brazil’s financial woes intensifying and US-Mexican relations undermining confidence. Argentina may be the star!

Fragmentation and flailing multilateralism

The major economic strides of the last 80 years were facilitated by America’s hegemonic power and the security structure it offered within which to pursue the liberal order.

But America’s relative global weight has waned and the US turned somewhat inward. After the 2008 financial crisis, the G20 was touted as the premier forum for international economic co-operation. But it then floundered, riven by Russia’s brutality against Ukraine, poor performance in many emerging markets, Trump’s isolationism and bellicosity, and fraying US-China relations.

The US, Europe and Japan reconnected in a revitalised, cohesive G7 on issues such as financial sanctions, cybercrime, anti-money laundering and helping Ukraine against Russia. But that unity too is likely to fray as Trump 2.0 injects uncertainty and volatility.

Liberal trade and investment are under siege

The Joe Biden administration was little different than a revanchist Trump 1.0. Now, Trump 2.0 threatens 25% tariffs on Mexico and China – America’s two largest trading partners – while across the board tariffs of 10% to 20% would batter Europe and 60% China. If implemented, a massive hit to global growth will be delivered. Some suggest the tariff threats are merely a negotiating tactic for unspecified concessions. Who knows?

Protecting national security is essential. But much is simply protectionism. Is America truly afraid that Chinese solar panels and electric vehicles will undermine national security? Is a mothballed steel plant and lost jobs better than one owned by a firm from the country of a close ally that protects jobs?

Decoupling continues amid growing US-China tensions

Everybody in the US is a China hawk. The only question is how big the talons are. The US is possibly on the verge of banning TikTok, further cutting off less-than-advanced chips, adding more firms to the entity list, on top of tariffs.

President Xi Jinping will stand up to Trump and China will retaliate. US levers on China are not as strong as under Trump 1.0. But China is not doing itself any favours in the West’s eyes by embracing President Vladimir Putin, looking indifferently on Russia’s war against Ukraine and fomenting hostility in the South China Sea.

Europe remains weak and divided

Trump is dismissive of Europe, America’s staunchest ally. The French government remains stalemated. No matter who runs Germany, economic policy is hamstrung and the country’s growth model broken. Surprisingly, Italy is Europe’s island of stability in a stormy sea.

Skirmishing between European Union member states and Brussels will continue. A divided Europe disdainful of Trump 2.0 won’t formulate a coherent response.

Poor macroeconomic policy, squeezed real incomes undermine public trust

Inflation is down but productivity growth languishes, squeezing real incomes and bolstering insecurity and populism.

Public debt is high in the US, much of Europe, Japan and China. In the US, the fiscal trajectory is unsustainable. Trump is likely to boost deficits from the already absurdly high level of 7% of GDP, pushing up longer-term rates, hurting investment and causing market indigestion. Will bond vigilantes return?

European high-debt countries will seek to restrain deficits, and Germany won’t pursue major workarounds from its rigid debt brake. Structural reform will continue to flag as policy-makers are wary of political fallout from adjustment costs.

China has some fiscal space at the centre, but is cautious in using it, let alone helping consumers rather than overhauling its inefficient investment and export-led growth model.

At some point, the fiscal chickens and unwillingness to revamp growth models will come home to roost. Further real income squeezes are likely and huge bouts of market volatility may be a sign of more trouble.

The 2025 global economy will underwhelm. America’s relative economic and political weight is still strong, but waning. Across the world, political fragmentation, hits to globalisation, uncertainty, flailing multilateralism, poor economic policy and mediocre leadership will accelerate the weakening of the global fabric. There are many culprits, but the US is at the heart of this own goal.

Source：News commentary-OMFIF

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ING

Economic

Energy – Specs add to Brent long

Despite the rally in crude oil prices running out of steam towards the end of last week, ICE Brent still managed to settle almost 1.3% higher on the week and remain above US$80/bbl. There is a fair amount of uncertainty across markets coming into this week given the inauguration of President Trump and the raft of executive orders he reportedly is planning to sign. This combined with it being a US holiday today, means that some market participants may have decided to take some risk off the table.

The latest positioning data shows that speculators increased their net long in ICE Brent by 27,473 lots over the last reporting week to leave them with a net long of 254,332 lots as of last Tuesday. The move was driven by fresh longs entering the market and left speculators with their largest net long since May. The strong buying reflects supply concerns following the announcement of US sanctions against the Russian energy industry.

In the US, there are also some short-term supply risks facing oil and gas production with freezing weather conditions in parts of Texas and New Mexico to persist over the next couple of days, which could lead to some production having to be shut in. Significant production losses were seen in February 2021 as a result of freezing weather, while in January 2024, colder weather conditions also led to some supply losses.

Output data from China on Friday shows that refineries increased the amount of crude oil they processed by 1.3% year-on-year in December. However, for full-year 2024, refinery activity still fell by 3.6% YoY, reflecting weaker domestic demand. Output and trade numbers suggest that apparent oil demand in December came in at a little more than 13.9m b/d, down from 14m b/d the previous month, but up 0.6% YoY.

Metals – Aluminium continues to rally on China growth

LME aluminium ended last week on a strong footing, boosted by signs of economic recovery in China following a series of stimulus measures over the last couple of months. China’s economic data released last Friday showed China’s GDP in 2024 expanded 5%, meeting the government’s target. The final quarter of the year saw growth of 5.4%, which was the fastest pace in six quarters.

The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) numbers released last week showed monthly primary aluminium production in China rising 4.2% YoY to 3.8mt in December 2024 primarily due to the additions from new production capacity in the Northwestern region of Xinjiang. Cumulatively, production rose 4.6% YoY to around 44mt over Jan’24 – Dec’24. In other metals, monthly crude steel production rose 11.8% YoY to 76mt last month. However, cumulative output fell 1.7% YoY to 1,005.1mt in 2024, the lowest in five years as weakness in the property market continues to weigh on steel demand.

Weekly data from the Shanghai Futures Exchange (ShFE) showed inventories for base metals remaining mixed over the last week. Aluminium weekly stocks fell by 3,694 tonnes for a twelfth consecutive week to 178,474 tonnes as of last Friday, the lowest since 23 February 2024. Zinc inventories decreased by 294 tonnes (-1.4% week-on-week) for a ninth straight week to 21,040 tonnes (the lowest since 30 December 2022), while lead inventories declined by 1,351 tonnes for a fifth consecutive week to 43,503 tonnes at the end of last week. Meanwhile, weekly inventories for copper and nickel rose by 12.9% WoW and 5.2% WoW, respectively.

Agriculture – India set to allow sugar exports

There are reports that the Indian government is set to allow the export of 1m tonnes of sugar during the current 2024/25 season, which may come as a surprise to many in the market given that there are some that expect lower domestic sugar output this season. The government is yet to issue an official order, but the news is likely to keep pressure on global prices. No.11 raw sugar has already been under pressure so far this year with it down more than 5%, which likely partly reflects speculation around the potential for Indian exports. CFTC data shows that speculators sold sugar aggressively over the last reporting week, selling 47,969 lots to leave them with a net short of 507 lots. While this is a marginal short position, it is the first time since August that speculators have been short sugar.

Source: ING

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Owen Li

Forex

There was also a further favourable impact on the UK bond market which helped underpin the Pound.

The 10-year yield declined to around 4.73% from 16-year highs above 4.90% earlier in the week. The 30-year bond yield also posted sharp losses which eased fiscal fears to some extent.

The Pound to Dollar (GBP/USD) exchange rate jumped to 5-day highs at 1.2300 before settling just below this level.

Scotiabank commented on the GBP/USD outlook; “Monday and Tuesday’s sessions suggested firm demand on dips below 1.22 and a similar pattern is evident so far today.”

Danske sees scope for a further dollar correction weaker; “We continue to hold the view that the USD is susceptible to a near-term setback, as many dollar-positive drivers appear largely priced into the market, leaving the greenback exposed to downside risks.”

The Pound to Euro (GBP/EUR) exchange rate also rallied to 1.1885.

US consumer prices increased 0.4% for December with the headline inflation rate increasing to 2.9% from 2.7% and in line with consensus forecasts.

Core prices increased 0.2% compared with market expectations of 0.3% with the annual rate edging lower to 3.2% from 3.3% and compared with forecasts of an unchanged rate.

There was a rally in bonds following the data with the 10-year yield declining to 4.70% from 4.77%.

There was a small shift in Federal Reserve pricing, although markets were still only pricing in around a 40% chance of a rate cut by June.

There will inevitably an important element of uncertainty ahead of President Trump’s inauguration next week.

In particular, there are fears over an imposition of tariffs through executive orders.

ING remains uneasy over the macroeconomic mix and the risk of renewed selling in bond markets; “Even if tariffs are hiked gradually, markets may not be as optimistic as Trump’s team that inflation can be controlled.”

Scotiabank sees scope for some dollar losses; “Markets are also reflecting some caution about what sort of tariff regime will follow next week’s inauguration, weighing on the USD. Extended USD positioning and somewhat frothy USD sentiment continue to suggest—to me, at least— that the USD is prone to consolidation or a correction.”

Earlier, a decline in UK core inflation to 3.2% from 3.5% and below expectations of 3.4% helped underpin the Pound. Scotiabank commented; “Core and Services price measures slowed more significantly, boosting expectations that the BoE will proceed with rate cuts. The data brings some relief to the Gilts market after the recent turmoil.”

Source:Exchange Rates

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Glendon

Economic

Uni-Fuels Holdings Limited, a leading global provider of marine fuel solutions, is preparing for a high-anticipated IPO on January 14, 2025. The company, headquartered in Singapore, is positioning itself as a significant player in the marine fuel industry, offering innovative solutions aimed at reducing carbon footprints and enhancing fuel efficiency. The IPO will offer 2.1 million Class A Ordinary Shares at an expected price of $4.00 per share, seeking to raise approximately $8.4 million in gross proceeds.

What is Uni-Fuels Holdings Limited?

Founded in 2021, Uni-Fuels Holdings Limited operates in the rapidly evolving marine fuel industry. The company specializes in the marketing, resale, and brokerage of marine fuel products such as Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (VLSFO), High Sulfur Fuel Oil (HSFO), and Marine Gas Oil (MGO). These products are used across a variety of maritime sectors, including bulk carriers, tankers, container ships, cruise vessels, and offshore platforms.

Uni-Fuels distinguishes itself with a focus on offering sustainable fuel solutions that cater to the industry's growing need for clean and eco-friendly alternatives. With an increasing global push toward environmental sustainability, the company is also positioned to provide greener fuel options that comply with tightening emissions regulations.

Company Financial Performance

Uni-Fuels Holdings Limited has demonstrated exceptional growth since its inception in 2021. For the twelve months ending June 30, 2024, the company reported revenue of $130.67 million—an impressive increase from $70.79 million in 2023. This sharp rise in revenues highlights the increasing demand for marine fuel services and the company’s expanding market share. The IPO proceeds will be used to further fuel this growth and extend its reach across new and existing markets.

The rapid growth can be attributed to the company's strong operational foundation and its ability to secure long-term partnerships with global shipping companies. Uni-Fuels’ financial strategy is driven by its commitment to long-term growth and enhancing profitability through its diversified services, which include risk management, market intelligence, trade credit, and financing solutions.

The Global Marine Fuel Market Opportunity

The global marine fuel market is undergoing a fundamental shift, driven by regulatory changes and environmental concerns. International maritime organizations are pushing for stricter sulfur emission standards, pushing companies to adopt lower-emission fuels, such as VLSFO, to comply with the IMO 2020 regulations. As the shipping industry increasingly adopts sustainable practices, companies like Uni-Fuels are well-positioned to provide cleaner fuel alternatives.

Uni-Fuels has made substantial inroads in the industry, supplying marine fuel at 103 ports worldwide, including key markets in Southeast Asia (35.9%) and Northeast Asia (27.2%). This global presence and the growing demand for cleaner fuels place Uni-Fuels at the forefront of the marine fuel revolution. Additionally, the company’s business model—which integrates fuel supply, brokerage, and value-added services—enables it to provide tailored solutions for its diverse customer base, including oil majors, vessel operators, and logistics companies.

The marine fuel industry’s long-term prospects are further enhanced by rising global trade and the increasing size of vessels. As the demand for energy-efficient solutions grows, Uni-Fuels is tapping into new opportunities that align with broader sustainability trends.

IPO Details: A Step Toward Expansion

Uni-Fuels' IPO, scheduled for January 14, 2025, will involve the sale of 2.1 million Class A Ordinary Shares at $4.00 each. The company is targeting gross proceeds of approximately $8.4 million. The shares will be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol "UFG." Each share will provide investors exposure to a growing and sustainable market, with the added benefit of Uni-Fuels’ broad portfolio of services.

The proceeds from the IPO will be used for several key initiatives:

Scaling Up Reselling Activities: Expanding the company's operations in key markets, particularly those with high demand for sustainable marine fuels.

Strengthening the Workforce: Hiring additional talent to support growth, operational improvements, and customer service.

Geographical Expansion: Increasing Uni-Fuels' footprint in emerging markets, further establishing its position as a global player in the marine fuel industry.

Strategic Acquisitions: Acquiring other companies or assets that complement its core operations and drive further growth.

General Corporate Purposes: Allocating capital to enhance working capital, fund ongoing operational activities, and invest in technological innovations.

What’s Next for Investors?

Investors looking to tap into the renewable energy and sustainable fuel sectors should keep a close eye on Uni-Fuels' upcoming IPO. The company’s strategic focus on offering sustainable and eco-friendly marine fuel alternatives positions it well to capitalize on the growing demand for cleaner energy solutions. Furthermore, its expansion into new markets, coupled with its strong financial performance, underscores the company's potential for long-term growth and profitability.

As Uni-Fuels navigates the changing landscape of the marine fuel industry, its IPO presents an exciting opportunity for investors to get involved in a company committed to promoting sustainability within the maritime sector. The IPO proceeds will provide Uni-Fuels with the capital it needs to accelerate its global expansion, enhance product offerings, and continue building its market leadership.

Conclusion

Uni-Fuels Holdings Limited’s IPO is more than just an opportunity to invest in a marine fuel company—it represents a chance to participate in the ongoing transformation of the shipping industry toward more sustainable energy solutions. With its impressive growth trajectory, strong financial performance, and strategic initiatives aimed at expanding its market share, Uni-Fuels is poised to make a lasting impact in the global marine fuel industry. This IPO is a great opportunity for investors looking to enter the clean energy space, particularly within the rapidly growing and resilient maritime sector.

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Glendon

Economic

In every market economy, consumer behavior is a powerful force that shapes not only individual businesses but also the broader economic landscape. The choices consumers make, their preferences, and how they allocate their spending can directly influence production, pricing, innovation, and even employment within an economy. Understanding the intricate relationship between consumer behavior and market economies provides critical insights into how economies grow, adapt, and respond to changing conditions.

In this article, we’ll explore the various ways in which consumer behavior influences market economies. From driving demand for products to shaping business strategies, consumer decisions play a fundamental role in economic development. Let’s dive into how consumer behavior shapes both macro and microeconomic landscapes.

What Is Consumer Behavior?

Consumer behavior refers to the actions, decisions, and patterns exhibited by individuals or groups when purchasing and using goods and services. These behaviors are influenced by numerous factors, such as personal preferences, psychological triggers, social influences, cultural norms, economic conditions, and marketing strategies.

Understanding consumer behavior is essential for businesses, as it enables them to anticipate demand, tailor products and services, and implement effective marketing strategies. For economists, consumer behavior is a key factor in understanding and forecasting economic cycles, from periods of growth to recessions.

How Consumer Behavior Impacts Market Economies

1. Demand and Supply Dynamics

At the heart of any market economy lies the basic principle of supply and demand. Consumer behavior is crucial in determining the demand side of this equation. When consumers exhibit strong demand for a particular good or service, businesses respond by increasing production to meet this demand. Similarly, if consumer interest wanes, producers may scale back operations or innovate to capture interest once again.

For example, the rise of smartphones and consumer demand for new features led to innovations in mobile technology and increased production capacity. Conversely, when consumer demand for certain products falls, like in the case of once-popular products like DVDs or traditional landline phones, businesses pivot away from these items, reallocating resources to more in-demand products.

2. Price Determination

Consumer behavior also influences pricing strategies in market economies. As demand for a product rises, businesses often increase prices to maximize profits, assuming supply remains constant. On the other hand, when consumer demand declines, prices may drop to entice consumers to purchase.

The concept of price elasticity illustrates this dynamic well. If a product is highly sensitive to changes in consumer behavior, even small shifts in preferences or purchasing habits can cause significant price changes. For instance, luxury items like designer handbags may experience a price hike due to high demand from affluent consumers, whereas basic goods like bread or milk tend to have relatively stable prices due to less elastic demand.

3. Shaping Innovation and Product Development

Consumer preferences and behaviors are key drivers of innovation in market economies. When consumers express interest in new technologies, trends, or product features, companies often invest in research and development to create products that cater to those desires.

For example, the growing demand for eco-friendly products has pushed many companies to invest in sustainable practices, such as using renewable materials and adopting green manufacturing processes. Similarly, the growing trend of health-conscious eating has led to the rise of plant-based food options and health-focused brands.

The constant push for innovation based on consumer demand leads to the diversification of products and services across industries, contributing to the overall growth of the economy. Without the active participation of consumers in shaping market preferences, economies would stagnate, lacking the driving force behind the development of new goods and services.

4. Economic Growth and Employment

Consumer spending is one of the primary drivers of economic growth. As individuals and households spend money on goods and services, businesses grow and expand, often requiring more employees to meet demand. The spending power of consumers, particularly in sectors like retail, housing, transportation, and technology, is directly linked to job creation and overall economic health.

When consumers are confident in the economy and their own financial stability, they tend to spend more. This increases the demand for goods and services, stimulates production, and ultimately fosters job creation. On the other hand, when consumer confidence drops due to economic uncertainty or external factors, spending slows down, potentially leading to job cuts, reduced production, and economic contraction.

5. Market Segmentation and Niche Markets

Consumer behavior also plays a significant role in market segmentation. Businesses use consumer data to identify different segments of the market with distinct needs, preferences, and buying habits. These insights allow companies to create targeted marketing strategies, develop specialized products, and capture specific consumer demographics.

For instance, the rise of millennials and Generation Z as influential consumer groups has led companies to shift their marketing strategies, focusing on digital platforms and sustainability. Brands are increasingly targeting specific niche markets such as vegan consumers, environmentally conscious buyers, and tech-savvy younger generations, creating new market niches in response to consumer preferences.

This segmentation allows for more efficient resource allocation and the creation of products that resonate with specific consumer needs, driving both business success and economic diversification.

6. Consumer Behavior and Market Cycles

Changes in consumer behavior are often indicators of broader economic trends and market cycles. For example, during periods of economic expansion, consumer confidence tends to rise, leading to increased spending. As consumers feel more financially secure, they may invest in higher-priced goods, such as cars, homes, and luxury items, contributing to overall economic growth.

Conversely, during periods of economic downturns or recessions, consumers tend to reduce spending, focusing on essential goods and services. This decline in demand can lead to reduced business activity, slower economic growth, and increased unemployment.

Economists closely monitor consumer behavior to predict market trends and anticipate economic conditions. By analyzing spending patterns, purchasing habits, and shifts in consumer sentiment, they can better forecast the potential direction of the economy.

7. Consumer Behavior and Sustainability

In recent years, there has been a growing shift in consumer behavior towards sustainability. Consumers are increasingly aware of environmental issues and are seeking products and services that align with their values, such as those that are eco-friendly, ethically sourced, or produced with minimal environmental impact.

This shift has prompted businesses to adapt to changing consumer demands by adopting sustainable practices and offering greener alternatives. The rise of ethical consumerism has not only influenced product development but also reshaped industries, from fashion to food production, contributing to a more sustainable and socially responsible market economy.

Conclusion

Consumer behavior is a cornerstone of market economies, shaping everything from demand and supply dynamics to pricing strategies and product innovation. The choices consumers make reflect broader trends in society, and these decisions, in turn, influence businesses, economic growth, and employment. As consumers continue to evolve in their preferences and values, market economies must adapt to meet these shifting demands, driving innovation and economic progress.

By understanding how consumer behavior influences market economies, both businesses and policymakers can make informed decisions that promote sustainable growth and cater to the evolving needs of society. Consumer choices are not just reflections of personal taste—they are the engines that drive entire economies forward.

To stay updated on all economic events of today, please check out our Economic calendar

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Owen Li

Economic

Oil prices are on the rise “helped by a cold weather fanning demand, the fall in US inventories and multiple risks to shipments”, said Vijay Valecha, chief investment officer at Century Financial.

“In addition to the curbs against Russia, traders are concerned the incoming [Donald] Trump administration may both tighten sanctions against Iran and impose trade levies that disrupt oil flows or risk drawing retaliatory measures,” he added.

Last week, the US and UK issued sanctions against Russia's energy industry, intensifying pressure on Moscow as the war in Ukraine nears its fourth year. The US sanctions name Gazprom Neft and Surgutneftegas, both major players in the Russian oil industry.

The measures also take aim at oil-carrying vessels – many of which are part of the “shadow fleet” engaged in the illegal trade of Russian oil – as well as Russia-based oilfield service providers, energy officials and “opaque traders”, according to a statement from the US Department of the Treasury.

Falling US oil stock and continued cold weather in the US and Europe is also supporting oil prices. For the week ending January 10, US commercial crude oil inventories decreases by 2 million barrels from the previous week, the latest data from the Energy Information Administration shows. At 412.7 million barrels, US crude oil inventories are about 6 per cent below the five-year average for this time of year.

Traders are also keeping a close eye on Mr Trump's incoming administration and what his polices are going to be in relation to Iran and trade. During his previous term in the White House, Mr Trump exerted maximum pressure on Iran to limit its exports and reduce revenue in response to its nuclear programme.

"Donald Trump’s tariff threats and plans to jolt the energy space with further sanctions against oil-producing countries like Iran, Russia and Venezuela threaten to maintain the upside pressure in oil prices this year," said Ipek Ozkardeskaya, senior analyst at Swissquote Bank.

"Although Trump explicitly wants to finish with the war in Ukraine, members of his new team say that they support further sanctions against Russian oil giants. On top, Trump will tighten his grip on Iran against its nuclear work and punish Venezuela for its anti-democratic turn."

Source: THENATIONALNEWS

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ACY

Economic

The NFP Data: A Game-Changer

The NFP report revealed that*the US economy added 250,000 jobs in December, well above the expected 164,000. The unemployment rate also dropped from 4.2% to 4.1%, signalling a robust labor market. These figures are crucial because they suggest increased consumer spending power, which could keep inflation elevated for longer than anticipated.

Data Points to Watch:

US Dollar Strength：The dollar extended its bullish trend, bolstered by rising 10-year Treasury yields, which are now above 4.7%.

Currency Weakness: The pound broke through key weekly support, with the euro and Aussie dollar following similar downward paths.

Stock Market Sell-Off: Major indices like the S&P 500 and Nasdaq are showing lower tops and bottoms, signalling potential overvaluation and deeper corrections ahead.

Gold in Focus: Gold, while range-bound, is inching toward the upper end of its range as traders hedge against inflation and market uncertainty.

Inflation and Interest Rates: The Looming Threat

One of the biggest takeaways from the NFP report is its implications for inflation. With more people employed and earning, consumer spending could keep inflationary pressures alive. This could force the Federal Reserve to maintain higher interest rates for longer, dashing hopes for the rate cuts that the market had priced in.

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Outlook 2025: Global Economy Will Underwhelm Amid Huge Uncertainty

Fragmentation and flailing multilateralism

Liberal trade and investment are under siege

Decoupling continues amid growing US-China tensions

Europe remains weak and divided

Poor macroeconomic policy, squeezed real incomes undermine public trust

Source：News commentary-OMFIF

The Commodities Feed: Inauguration Day

Energy – Specs add to Brent long

Metals – Aluminium continues to rally on China growth

Agriculture – India set to allow sugar exports

Source: ING

The Us Dollar "Is Prone To Consolidation Or A Correction" Say Foreign Exchange Analysts

Source:Exchange Rates

Uni-Fuels Holdings Limited IPO

What is Uni-Fuels Holdings Limited?

Company Financial Performance

The Global Marine Fuel Market Opportunity

IPO Details: A Step Toward Expansion

What’s Next for Investors?

Conclusion

The Role of Consumer Behavior in Shaping Market Economies

What Is Consumer Behavior?

How Consumer Behavior Impacts Market Economies

1. Demand and Supply Dynamics

2. Price Determination

3. Shaping Innovation and Product Development

4. Economic Growth and Employment

5. Market Segmentation and Niche Markets

6. Consumer Behavior and Market Cycles

7. Consumer Behavior and Sustainability

Conclusion

Oil Headed For Weekly Gain Amid New Us Sanctions On Russia

Source: THENATIONALNEWS

US Stocks on Precipice of Cliff! Key Insights from NFP Data and Its Ripple Effects

The NFP Data: A Game-Changer

Data Points to Watch:

Inflation and Interest Rates: The Looming Threat

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